Saturday, January 28, 2017

Difference beween Equilibrium and Steady state

Steady state and Equilibrium:
Both steady state and equilibrium show a constant state of a system with time; the values of all the properties remain constant with time. Yet they are different; equilibrium represents a state, where all the forces are in balance and there is no net driving force, e.g. in thermal equilibrium temperature is same, while in steady state there is a constant driving force, e.g. in heat transfer at steady state there is a constant temperature difference.

In steady state the values of the property may change with position, e.g. plug flow reactor, but in equilibrium, there will be a single value for any property throughout the system like temperature, pressure, concentration. So, can we say uniform and steady state system will be a system in equilibrium? No, for example CSTR is a uniform steady state system, but is not at equilibrium because the reactants are converted into product continuously.
for example if we have a hot coffee placed in a room, it will cool down to room temperature eventually, i.e. equilibrium state no heat transfer. But if we put that coffee on a gas stove with heat such that its temperature is constant i.e. steady state heat transfer.

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